Philoclopedia
Relativitätstheorie
Die Relativitätstheorie befasst sich mit der Struktur von Raum und Zeit, dem Verhalten von Masse in selbigen (SRT) und setzt das alles in Abhängigkeit zur Gravitation (ART).
Rückblick
Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts fußte das naturwissenschaftliche Verständnis von Raum, Zeit und Gravitation noch auf der newtonschen Physik. Die newtonsche Physik malte uns ein Bild des Universums mit Raum und Zeit als absolute, d.h. unveränderliche und voneinander unabhängige Größen. Die Gravitation zeichnete er als Kraft zwischen zwei Massepunkten.
Überblick
In den Jahren von 1905 bis 1916 erfuhren diese Auffassungen dann eine radikale Revolution, ausgelöst durch eben jene Relativitätstheorie. Der theoretische Physiker Albert Einstein war maßgeblich an ihr beteiligt.
Die nächsten Abschnitte werden versuchen, die Grundlagen der Relativitätstheorie zusammenzufassen. Dabei muss der Prägnanz wegen auf Erläuterungen und Details verzichtet werden. Sie finden jedoch unter jedem Abschnitt Hinweise zu weiterführende Aufsätze. Falls Sie sich also näher für eines der aufregenden Phänomene der RT interessieren, klicken Sie sich einfach weiter.
1. Spezielle Relativitätstheorie
Häufig wird behauptet, Einstein habe Newton widerlegt. Das ist falsch, er verbesserte ihn lediglich durch eine allgemeinere Theorie. Mit seiner speziellen Relativitätstheorie entlarvte Albert Einstein nämlich Raum, Zeit und Bewegung als relative Größen. Die newtonsche Physik war damit entthront und ist in Einsteins Theorie nur noch als ein besonderer Grenzfall enthalten.
Doch nicht nur das, die spezielle Relativitätstheorie kann uns auch zeigen, dass Raum und Zeit gar nicht unabhängig voneinander existieren. Vielmehr verschmelzen die beiden in der SRT zu einer einheitlichen Raumzeit.
Auch die Masse M und die Energie E erwiesen sich in ihrer weltbekannten Gleichung (s.o.) als zwei Seiten derselben Medaille. Zusammengehalten werden diese schließlich noch durch die Lichtgeschwindigkeit C, die entgegen allen anderen relativen Bewegungen und Geschwindigkeiten immer konstant und unabhängig vom Bezugsystem ist.
2. Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie
Elf Jahre später entwarf Einstein seine Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie. Diese berücksichtigt auch die Fälle, in denen die Gravitation eine Rolle spielt. In zehn Feldgleichungen verwarf Einstein den newtonschen Gedanken, Gravitation sei eine Kraft, die sich ohne Zeitverlust ausbreite. Anstelle dessen fasst er die Gravitation als Eigenschaft der gekrümmten Raumzeit auf. Materie krümmt das Raumzeit-Kontinuum und so entsteht Schwerkraft.
Das Schwerefeld kann man sich wie eine unsichtbare, gespannte Gummihaut vorstellen. Liegt nun ein massereicher Körper, etwa eine Sonne, in ihm, wird sie gekrümmt. Dementsprechend drückt sich auch die Gummihaut ein, wenn man einen Ball auf sie legt. Infolge der derart modifizierten Geometrie der Raumzeit ändert sich sogar der augenscheinlich so geradlinige Verlauf der Lichtstrahlen, die von den Massekörpern ausgehen. Erfasst vom Schwerefeld sucht sich der Lichtstrahl nun einen neuen, kürzstmöglichen Weg. Aus diesem Grund können wir auch noch die Sterne sehen, die sich eigentlich knapp hinter dem Sonnenrand verbergen.
3. Ausblick
Man kann sich wieder und wieder mit der Relativitätstheorie befassen und wird trotzdem niemals zu dem Gefühl kommen, alle ihre Konsequenzen durchgedacht zu haben. So geht es zumindest mir, immer wieder aufs Neue stehe ich vor Situationen, bei denen ich nicht weiß, wie man sie sich gemäß der RT denken soll. Oder die einem immer noch extrem komisch und unreal vorkommen.
Dabei lassen sich die Vorgänge und Eigenschaften innerhalb der Relativitätstheorie mathematisch unglaublich präzise beschreiben und gehören zu den bestbestätigten in der Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften. Dies klassifiziert sie, zusammen mit der Quantentheorie, als eine der besten Theorien der Gegenwart.
Zusammen mit der Quantentheorie stellt die Relativitätstheorie eine der zwei tragenden Säulen der modernen Physik dar. Beide gingen ursprünglich aus der newtonschen Physik hervor, enthalten diese immer noch als Spezialfall und erfüllen somit das Korrespondenzprinzip. Die Bemühungen vieler Physiker gelten dieser Tage der Vereinigung dieser beiden Säulen, wobei meist versucht wird die Relativitätstheorie in die Quantentheorie zu integrieren, und nicht andersrum.
In den Quantenfeldtheorien konnte man bereits die spezielle Relativitätstheorie mit der Quantentheorie und im Rahmen des heutigen Standardmodells der Physik einen. Der noch außenstehenden Quantentheorie, die auch noch die allgemeine Relativitätstheorie bzw. die Gravitation mit ins Boot nimmt, will man dann den Namen Quantengravitationstheorie geben.
4. Verweise
- Intelligenz: Albert Einstein war ein sehr intelligenter Mensch. Intelligenz aber ist kein reines Bücherwissen und nicht bloß das Resultat testorientiertem Spezialtrainings. Es ist vielmehr eine breite und tiefe Begabung zum Verständnis unbekannter Problemfelder.
- Raum und Zeit: Die Relativitätstheorie hat uns dem Wesen von Raum und Zeit erheblich näher gebracht. Sie kann aber nicht das letzte Wort gewesen sein, wie sich beispielsweise an Schwarze Löchern zeigen lässt.
- Sprache: Issac Newton meinte noch: “Die absolute, wahre und mathematische Zeit verfließt an sich und vermöge ihrer Natur gleichförmig, und ohne Beziehung auf irgendeinen äußeren Gegenstand.” Wir wissen es heute besser. Außerdem ist die Aussage „die absolute Zeit fließt gleichförmig“ tautologisch. Sie hat keinen Informationswert, da die absolute Zeit per definitonem immer gleichförmig fließt. Weil, wie könnte man den gleichmäßigen Fluss einer absoluten Zeit überprüfen, wen nicht mit der absoluten Zeit selbst und wie könnte uns ihr Fluss in diesem Fall anders erscheinen, als gleichmäßig? Ähnliches gelte für einen absoluten Raum, der beispielsweise nicht relativ ist. Was Raum und Zeit aber nach unserem heutigen Verständnis sei, geht vollkommen gegen das, was man intuitiv annehmen würde: Raum und Zeit sind keine Bühne, vor deren Hintergrund sich alles Materielle abspielt. Vielmehr sind Raum und Zeit intrinsische Eigenschaften der Materie, die ohne sie gar nicht existieren würde.
- Unser Problem: Was für die unanschauliche Quantenwelt gilt, gilt in abgeschwächter Form also auch für die Relativitätstheorie: Sie entspricht nicht unsere Alltagsmeinung und Intuition. Was sie aber nicht falsch macht. Wir erleben im Alltag nun mal so etwas wie die newtonsche Welt, sprich keine schnellen Bewegungen, keine kleine Skalen. Deshalb ist man auch lange Zeit so gut mit Newton gefahren. In weniger alltäglichen Situationen aber, wie etwa am Rande supermassiver schwarzer Löcher oder im Inneren eines Atoms, versagt Newtons Physik. Spätestens an dieser Stelle braucht es dann die Quantentheorie, und die Relativitätstheorie.
Stand: 2015
Hiroji kurihara (Montag, 31 Mai 2021 23:12)
It will be impossible
Constancy of light speed will be impossible. It will be clear if the formula c = f λ is looked at.
Equivalence principle will be impossible. It will be clear if the formula F = m a is looked at.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 25 April 2021 03:26)
Constancy of speed of light (Reexamination)
Constancy of speed of light is not possible always. No, it will be possible limitedly in the following two events only. Btw, speed of light in mediums is not subject of this reexamination.
1) A geometric point and a light source are in the same inertial frame. Distance between the two is supposed to be within a few light seconds.
2) A geometric point is stationary in aether frame. Light propagated in aether comes to this point. Distance from the light source is supposed to be more than a few light seconds.
Translated with http://www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
Hiroji kurihara (Dienstag, 20 April 2021 04:44)
Constancy of speed of light will be impossible
Plane waves of light come from the upper left (in outer space) and is incident on two glass cubes A and B. A is stationary and B is moving upward at a constant speed. Wavelength of light in cubes is A > B. Since speed of coming light relative to the cubes is different, the wavelength in the cubes is also different.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 18 April 2021 01:56)
Constancy of speed of light will be impossible
Plane waves of light coming from the upper left are reflected to the upper right by an upward-facing mirror (in outer space). Generally, speed of the two lights is different, and angle of incidence and reflection is different. By the way, the other mirror is moving vertically. Constancy of speed of light will be impossible.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 04 April 2021 01:18)
Space and time will be absolute (a supposition)
Perhaps, space and time each will be absolute. Each will not be affected by any phenomenon or situation (at all). If so, relativity is impossible.
Hiroji kurihara (Samstag, 27 März 2021 02:00)
About emission theory
For a few seconds only after emission, light follows the emission theory. After that, light follows aether frame. In the light emitted from Earth, Moon is in the area where the emission theory is valid.
Hiroji kurihara (Freitag, 26 März 2021 22:57)
Propagation of light (I say again)
Light is propagated in three ways (as follows).
1. In mediums, speed of light is c/n. MM experiment (done in air) is nonsense.
2. In outer space, a star light is reflected by a mirror. Speed of incident light is constant relative to aether.
3. In outer space, a star light is reflected by a mirror. Speed of reflected light is constant relative to the mirror (the emission theory).
In three pictures sbove each, speed of light to a moving observer follows Galilean transformation.
Hiroji kurihara (Mittwoch, 17 März 2021 04:08)
Constancy of speed of light
Basic problem seems to be left in speed measurement (also in wavelength measurement) of light. A thought experiment below will be free from the problem.
Remind Fizeau measurement of light with one gear. This thought experiment done on moon’s surface is with two gears. A device telescope-like is pointed at a star, and star light is visible through two gears (the two are placed on front and rear of the device). When two gears start rotation (rotation speed of the two is the same), and speed increases, starlight will disappear.
Note: By measurements of plural stars, existence of aether will emerge.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 14 März 2021 10:35)
Constancy of speed of light
Light of a star arriving in space is being reflected by a mirror. Speed of reflected light relative to the mirror is c. Speed of incident light relative to the mirror is also c? Since f of the two lights is the same, λ is also the same?
Hiroji kurihara (Dienstag, 09 März 2021 08:49)
Secular aberration and aether : an essay (part 2)
Two phenomena will cancel each other out and Mars will be visible at right above. This total cancellation will be actual (regardless of direction and distance. imagine letter F and also distorted F). In other words, in the appearance of objects of solar system, positional shift due to secular aberration will be cancelled out.
Note : Ratio of horizontal lines to vertical line of letter F is the same in the sky and in a tube. It will be the same also in distorted F. ct: vt = ct’: vt'.
Hiroji kurihara (Dienstag, 09 März 2021 08:42)
Secular aberration and aether : an essay (part 1)
In my mind, an illustration of planetary aberration of Mars (I saw in a textbook) is even now attractive. Like that, is it possible to illustrate secular aberration of Mars ? The following is a prototype. Orbits of Mars and Earth are assumed to be parallel lines (as equal sign=). Mars is located right above Earth, and two stars are moving to the left at 30 km/sec. Geometric center of spherical waves of Mars does not move in the frame of aether. Therefore, light of Mars comes to Earth from slightly behind. On the other hand, aberration observed in hollow tube (located in outside the atmosphere) displaces the apparent position of Mars slightly forward.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 07 März 2021 01:41)
About aberration
◎ If observer is stationary relative to aether, no aberration will occur. Aberration occurs due to observer’s motion relative to aether.
◎ Aberration is not a phenomenon of each star, but a phenomenon of distortion of celestial sphere or aether frame.
Hiroji kurihara (Montag, 01 März 2021 06:56)
Apology
It seems that my previous post (February 28) was not valid thought experiment. Sorry for that. But, how about if uniform linear motion of space probe is assumed to be uniformly accelerated motion in a straight line? No, it would still not be an impactful thought experiment.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 28 Februar 2021 08:35)
Aether is real
There are words : solar apex and solar antapex. Following is a related thought experiment. In outer space, there is a space probe. Outwardy, it looks like sea urchin on beach. Main body is sphere and many long tubes are attached. These tubes are pointed on the celestial sphere at equal intervals. Light sensor at bottom of each tube detects light that reaches bottom of tube.
Recall illustration of aberration. If space probe were in a uniform linear motion, all tubes will not detect light. As a result, uniform linear motion of space probe relative to celestial sphere and aether will be revealed quantitatively.
Hiroji kurihara (Montag, 15 Februar 2021 02:53)
Formula of Doppler effect (of starlight)
Starlight is propagated through aether and arrives. Ather can be regarded as the same medium as air. Therefore, formula of Doppler effect of starlight will be the same as formula of Doppler effect of sound (in air). And the part where the light propagation follows the emission theory can be ignored.
Hiroji kurihara (Montag, 15 Februar 2021 01:23)
Space-time vs light (rewritten)
On frame of space, none seems to act. On frame of time, none seems to act.
On the other hand, light seems to be one of actors acting given action only. So, constancy of speed of light and Lorentz transformation the two will be fake.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 14 Februar 2021 04:29)
Is equivalence principle true?
A disk is rotating. Tilt of axis of rotation is 45 degrees. Centrifugal force (inertial force) and gravity will be non-interfering and independent. In addition, gravity of the moon is also acting.
Hiroji kurihara (Samstag, 13 Februar 2021 01:23)
Space-time vs light
Humans cannot vary space-time frame at all. Nothing can vary
space-time frame at all. And the space-time frame is one and only.
On the other hand, light is one of poor actors moving always.
Constancy of speed of light and Lorentz transformation are
completely fake.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 02 August 2020 04:20)
Moon and earth (an essay)
.
As moon passes overhead, high tide (one of two high tides a day) will come after a short delay. But why ? Why is seawater with a low specific gravity bulged ? Newton imagined that moon will continue falling. Earth will continue falling also. And seawater will cotinue falling too. So, it doesn’t matter how specific gravity is.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 26 Juli 2020 01:45)
Moon and earth (rewritten again)
Allow me to rewrite again.
Moon and earth are supposed to be two-body problem. Also it is supposed that the common center of gravity of moon and earth is situated outside the earth. And the orbit of earth is a perfect circle, and earth is a perfect sphere. In the illustration, the surface of earth closest to moon is A and the surface farthest from moon is B. At the two points A and B, the strength of resultant forces of moon’s gravity and centrifugal force (of earth) will be the same (act to opposite directions). Otherwise, earth cannot stay on orbit of perfect circle. This will explain that the level of high tide twice a day are the same.
Hiroji kurihara (Freitag, 10 Juli 2020 03:06)
Perihelion shift of Mercury (rewritten)
Mercury is moving on the revolution orbit. The sun’s gravity is equal to the centrifugal force. Because the two are action and reaction. Following are some explanations. Centrifugal force follows Mercury’s mass. But in addition, gravity is affected by the size of Mercury (and acting position of gravity is different). These are caused by the non-uniformity of gravity (in the space occupied by Mercury). And after perihelion passage, orbit will be pulled inward (from its original orbit).
High tide level twice a day is the same. Gravity and centrifugal force caused by the moon will be action and reaction. Centrifugal force is not fictitious.
Hiroji kurihara (Mittwoch, 08 Juli 2020 01:43)
Perihelion shift of Mercury (the truth)
In Mercury (in terms of Mercury’s size), the non-uniformity of the Sun’s gravity may be the main cause of perihelion shift. In artificial satellites, the effects of non-uniformity of the Earth’s gravity (the position of the center of mass and the center of gravity are different) are also mentioned.
Hiroji kurihara (Dienstag, 30 Juni 2020 03:11)
All of propagation of light (I say again)
Bradley found annual aberration on gamma star : Eltanin. In books, picture of ellipse is shown. However, this ellipse must be warped because of secular aberration (not only Eltanin). With this warp, the motion of solar system relative to aether must be clarified.
Light emitted from a source in outer space will follow the emission theory. But for a few seconds only. The corner cube settled on the surface of the moon proves this.
The motion of an observer relative to light waves is the same as the motion of an observer relative to sound waves. Light waves are light waves. An observer is an observer. And everything follows Galilean transformation.
The speed of light in medium is c/n. The MM experiment (done in air) is nonsense.
Hiroji kurihara (Freitag, 26 Juni 2020 23:46)
Perihelion shift of Mercury
The perihelion shift of the earth is 11.45 arcsec / year. Main cause will be its size (size of sphere). It is the same to Mercury. In addition, the earth has a moon as a satellite that Mercury does not have. The inertial force of the moon and gravity of the sun acting on the moon are also considerable. And like Mercury, effect of other planets must be slight and unstable.
Hiroji kurihara (Freitag, 26 Juni 2020 23:42)
Perihelion shift of Mercury
This is the top of tall tower. Two rods of equal mass and different length are arranged vertically (heigtht of center of gravity is the same). Now, two rods start to fall at the same time. The fall of center of gravity will not be the same. Because the strength of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. This will be the main cause for perihelion shift of Mercury.
Hiroji kurihara (Freitag, 26 Juni 2020 23:39)
Perihelion shift of Mercury
“It can be safely said that gravity of other planets has no effect on the perihelion shift of Mercury”. It’s in a website (in Japanese).
Imagine that with long radius of orbit of Mercury, the space of the solar system is divided into left and right. The probability that other planets exist in the two is equal. There will be no shift of perihelion in one direction at constant speed (common view is wrong).
But main cause of perihelion shift of Jupiter and Saturn will be mutual effect of gravity. Each perihelion is shifted every moment.
Hiroji kurihara (Freitag, 26 Juni 2020 23:31)
Perihelion shift of Mercury
Let’s reconsider the main cause of perihelion shift again. On Mercury or Venus, main cause will be the size of sphere. On Earth or Mars, effect of satellite is added. On asteroids each, effects of size is negligible. On Jupiter or Saturn each, the powerful and unstable effect of the other will act. On Uranus or Neptune each, slight and unstable effect of the other all planets will act. Anyway, common view on Mercury is wrong.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 07 Juni 2020 02:34)
Perihelion shift of Mercury
There is a model of Mercury. A long lod penetrates a true sphere and at the both ends of the lod, weights are set. This model is rotating horizontally and is moving on the orbit of Mercury (two planes fall on). Main forces acting on the weights are gravity of the sun and inertial force (centrifugal force). And each force acting on the outside weight and inside weight is different.
Inertial force pulls the orbit to the outside. But actual orbit of Mercury is pulled to the inside. Gravity of the sun acting on the two weights is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (not come out even. not plus minus zero). In Mercury, the action of gravity will be superior.
Hiroji kurihara (Mittwoch, 03 Juni 2020)
Is light speed constant!?
To the upper right at 45 degrees in still water, plane waves of light is propagated. Above the water surface is vacuum. Value of inclination of waves in vacuum can be determined. And also speed of light waves relative to moving observer who moves in vacuum horizontally or vertically can be determined.
How about when there is air above the water surface ? When air is stationary relative to the water, apparent difference in looks will not be found.
Hiroji kurihara (Samstag, 30 Mai 2020 02:49)
Gravity lense
Gravity lenses are said to be a positive evidence of GR. However if gravity of gravitational source can be estimated, which is real GR or Newton's theory will be clarified.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 24 Mai 2020 21:56)
Perihelion shift of Mercury
Main cause of perihelion shift of Mercury is said to be gravity of the other planets. But position of other planets move (also position of perihelion of Mercury moves). If so, values 5.75 arcsec/year is
unthinkable. Main cause will be in Mercury itself. And also it will be the same on values of
perihelion shift of the other planets.
Perihelion shift of Mercury is said to be 5.75 secarc/year. Sometimes it is shown as 575 arcsec/100 years. Only on Mercury ? Because the value is unreliable ? For evasion ?
Hiroji kurihara (Freitag, 22 Mai 2020 08:51)
Perihelion shift of Mercury (I say again)
In an binary system (formed by main star and companion star), periapis is shifted also. Motion of companion star (apsidal shift) will be depending considerably on its size (mass is supposed to be the same). Common view (says main cause is pertubation of other planets) will be invalid.
Hiroji kurihara (Mittwoch, 20 Mai 2020 00:45)
Equivalence principle (I say again)
An elevator cabin is accelerating horizontally (no friction : at 2g). At every mass point (at every infinite small area), acceleration is 2g.
Hiroji kurihara (Dienstag, 19 Mai 2020 22:22)
Äquivalenzprinzip (sage ich noch einmal)
Eine Aufzugskabine beschleunigt horizontal (keine Reibung: bei 2 g). An jedem Massenpunkt (an jedem unendlich kleinen Bereich) beträgt die Beschleunigung 2 g.
Hiroji kurihara (Montag, 18 Mai 2020 04:13)
Eddington experiment (on solar eclipce : 1919)
Eddington experiment is said to find the bending of star light by gravity of the sun. But the additional exam seems not to be done. Surface gravity of the sun is 28.02g and that of Jupiter is 2.53g. Gravity of position apart from each surface (at each radius) is a quater of surface gravity each. Experiment of Jupiter will be possible.
Hiroji kurihara (Mittwoch, 13 Mai 2020 23:10)
MM experiment
How about MM experiment done in still water ?
Hiroji kurihara (Dienstag, 12 Mai 2020 02:35)
Time dilation
Two passenger cars are passing each other. At the front of side wall of each car, the same light source (frequency is the same also) is settled and light ray is emitted backward at 45 degrees. Each ray is reflected by mirror sticked on the side wall wholely and is coming back. Time dilation is impossible.
Hiroji kurihara (Freitag, 08 Mai 2020 03:08)
Perihelion shift of Mercury
The value of perihelion shift of planets is constant. It will not be three body problem or many body problem. And it will be the same to binary star.
Hiroji kurihara (Mittwoch, 06 Mai 2020 04:11)
Perihelion shift of Mercury
Perihelion shift moves forward constantly. It cannot be explained by gravity of other planets.
On asteroids, no perihelion shift will be observed. Some size is needed.
Cause of perigee movement of the moon is written to be the sun. Not consistent. Because it will be the same phenomenon to perihelion shift of planets.
Hiroji kurihara (Montag, 04 Mai 2020 03:43)
Perihelion shift of Mercury
Yesterday's post must be the most natural explanation of perihelion shift of Mercury. Because the value of pergee movement of the moon is remarkable (around 8.85 years). On the other hand, value of asteroids will not be found. Common explanation is not acceptable.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 03 Mai 2020 05:57)
Perihelion shift of Mercury
Mercury revolving is divided in two (hemisphere A facing the sun and the other B). IInertial force is
A＜B and gravity is A＞B (center of gravity is not on the orbit).
Hiroji kurihara (Samstag, 02 Mai 2020 00:20)
Time dilation
In outer space ahead, two space ships are receding to the right and the left (at the same speed : aether is invalid). On the outside of each ship, the same light source is shining and this light is observed by facing ship. Time dilation (twin paradox also) will be impossible.
Hiroji kurihara (Freitag, 17 April 2020 03:53)
Acceleration and nonacceleration
A passenger car is accelerating (uniformly). A body is hung from the roof, a body is placed on the floor (no friction) and a station building. Physics seems not to distinguish the three.
Hiroji kurihara (Montag, 13 April 2020 02:36)
On acceleration, there is a web site as follows.
" Orders of magnitude (acceleration) - Wikipedia"
Hiroji kurihara (Dienstag, 31 März 2020 05:03)
All of light speed (I say again)
All of light speed is shown in aberrations. One is that in outer space, speed of light is constant relative to aether. Every motion of the light source is cancelled. The other is that light speed is not constant relative to the moving earth.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 29 März 2020 07:34)
Aether
Aether exists undoubtedly. However, in laboratories on the earth, no effect caused by aether seems to be observed (on such as particles). Aether is mysterious yet.
Hiroji kurihara (Sonntag, 22 März 2020 02:04)
Propagation of light (I say again)
Light will be propagated in three ways (as follows).
1 In mediums, speed of light is c/n. M M experiment (done in air) is invalid.
2 In outer space, a star light is reflected by a mirror. Speed of incident light is constant relative to aether.
3 In outer space, a star light is reflected by a mirror. Speed of reflected light is constant relative to the mirror.
In three pictures above each, speed of light to a moving observer follows Galilean transformation.
Hiroji kurihara (Freitag, 13 März 2020 23:38)
Accelerated motion of the light source
Light emitted from an accelerated source will follow instantaneous speed of the source. In short, light will succeed motion vector of instantaneous speed of the source. The emission theory imply the above.
I say again, the emission theory will be valid for a few seconds only after the emission. After this, light follows aether.
Hiroji kurihara n (Mittwoch, 11 März 2020 09:45)
Sagnac effect
Let's try to explain Sagnac effect by the emission theory. There is a picture of light pathes (a light sources and two mirrors form an equilateral triangle). On this
triangle, there are three emission points (different inertial frames). It will be the cause of this effect.
Hiroji kurihara (Samstag, 07 März 2020 06:47)
About inertial force (I say again)
On a plane, there are two passenger cars. One is accelerating and the other is at a standstill. Difference of the motion of the two is not relative but absolute.
On a plane, a passenger car is accelerating. On the floor (no friction), a body is put. This body is not accelerated (to everyone). From physics of 20th century, nonsenses overflow.